中國海關(guān)實施AEO制度情況簡介
Introduction to the Implementation of AEO System by Chinese Customs時間(TIME)：2021-08-02 15:14:10
海關(guān)總署 2013年9月12日
2005年6月，在世界海關(guān)組織第105/106屆理事會年會上，通過了《全球貿(mào)易安全與便利標(biāo)準(zhǔn)框架》（以下簡稱《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)框架》）。中國海關(guān)積極響應(yīng)世界海關(guān)組織的倡議，在會上簽署了實施《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)框架》的意向書。在隨后的3年多時間里，中國海關(guān)積極進(jìn)行AEO（“經(jīng)認(rèn)證的經(jīng)營者”）制度的研究和實踐，初步建立起中國海關(guān)的AEO制度。
一、轉(zhuǎn)化AEO制度為國內(nèi)立法并實施。
1.將AEO制度轉(zhuǎn)化為國內(nèi)立法。2008年4月1日施行的《中華人民共和國海關(guān)企業(yè)分類管理辦法》（以下簡稱《分類辦法》）和相關(guān)配套公告（《企業(yè)經(jīng)營狀況報告》），將AEO制度關(guān)于守法、安全和海關(guān)與商界的合作伙伴關(guān)系等實體要求及貿(mào)易便利措施、認(rèn)證程序納入其中，具體轉(zhuǎn)化了AEO制度為國內(nèi)制度?！斗诸愞k法》將進(jìn)出口收發(fā)貨人和報關(guān)企業(yè)分成AA、A、B、C、D五個類別，其中AA類企業(yè)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和條件與WCO的AEO相關(guān)要求一致，是中國海關(guān)的AEO企業(yè)?！镀髽I(yè)分類管理辦法》及配套法規(guī)的施行，標(biāo)志著中國海關(guān)AEO制度已進(jìn)入正式實施階段。截止2009年5月份，全國共審批AA類企業(yè)1150家。
2．組織了海關(guān)內(nèi)部和對企業(yè)的宣傳、培訓(xùn)，廣泛介紹AEO制度和《分類辦法》，提高AEO制度的認(rèn)知度。在海關(guān)內(nèi)部，總署先后舉辦了AEO專題培訓(xùn)班、《分類辦法》培訓(xùn)班和驗證稽查培訓(xùn)班，在海關(guān)內(nèi)部對對全國海關(guān)稽查系統(tǒng)的業(yè)務(wù)骨干進(jìn)行了培訓(xùn)，效果明顯。在海關(guān)外部，采取由各關(guān)召開企業(yè)座談會，利用報紙、電視、電臺、網(wǎng)絡(luò)等載體廣泛宣傳和介紹《分類辦法》和AEO制度，使AEO制度深入人心。
3．開展對AEO企業(yè)的驗證稽查實踐。從2007年11月起，中國海關(guān)就開始了驗證稽查的試點工作，在《分類辦法》實施之后，更是在全國范圍內(nèi)開展了對申請AA類企業(yè)的驗證稽查工作，按照WCO《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)框架》的有關(guān)AEO制度原則具體驗證申請企業(yè)的貿(mào)易安全情況。為了規(guī)范AA類企業(yè)的驗證稽查做法，2008年4月30日制定出臺了《海關(guān)驗證稽查暫行辦法》，明確了對AA類企業(yè)的驗證稽查的原則、程序、方法和內(nèi)容等；2008年12月制定出臺了《海關(guān)驗證稽查作業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》，進(jìn)一步細(xì)化具體作業(yè)內(nèi)容和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等，目前該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)正在各海關(guān)驗證稽查實踐中參照使用。驗證稽查工作的全方面推廣，是具體實施AEO制度的最主要的表現(xiàn)。
4．積極參加國際海關(guān)有關(guān)《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)框架》的學(xué)習(xí)研討，交流經(jīng)驗，切磋做法。派員參加了APEC于2008年3月在廣州、6月份在泰國舉行的AEO業(yè)務(wù)研討班和會議，同時與日本、韓國、新加坡等國進(jìn)行了互相了解學(xué)習(xí)對方AEO制度的雙邊交流活動。
5．組織開發(fā)企業(yè)信息綜合管理的計算機系統(tǒng)，以全面整合、匯總企業(yè)各方面信息，提高對企業(yè)認(rèn)證的準(zhǔn)確性和一致性，并將把分類結(jié)果轉(zhuǎn)化為通關(guān)參數(shù)，在通關(guān)系統(tǒng)中加以應(yīng)用。該系統(tǒng)將于2009年下半年在全國海關(guān)投入使用。
二、開展AEO國際合作項目。
1、開展中歐安全智能貿(mào)易航線計劃項下的企業(yè)選取和中歐AEO互認(rèn)合作研討。
“中歐安全智能貿(mào)易航線計劃”(以下簡稱“安智貿(mào)”)是全球范圍內(nèi)第一個全面實施世界海關(guān)組織（WCO）《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)框架》的國際合作項目，旨在通過建立安全便利的智能化國際貿(mào)易運輸鏈，實現(xiàn)對物流的全程監(jiān)控，在確保貿(mào)易鏈安全的基礎(chǔ)上實現(xiàn)貿(mào)易便利。
（1）選取試點參與企業(yè)。在企業(yè)自愿參與的前提下，參照WCO關(guān)于AEO的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，雙方共同選定了10對企業(yè)參與試點，其中8對企業(yè)實際參與了安智貿(mào)運作。
（2）開展中歐AEO互認(rèn)合作研討。根據(jù)2007年11月安智貿(mào)指導(dǎo)小組的決定，2008年在“安智貿(mào)”項下召開了三次AEO專家組會議。
（3）根據(jù)中歐AEO驗證稽查互訪計劃，我方已于2009年3月23日至4月7日完成赴歐考察，歐方赴中方考察工作目前正在進(jìn)行中。
2、實施了中美C-TPAT聯(lián)合認(rèn)證試點項目。
2008年3月3日中國海關(guān)與美國海關(guān)簽署了《中美聯(lián)合驗證試點聲明》(以下簡稱《聲明》)。根據(jù)該《聲明》，中美兩國海關(guān)在2008年進(jìn)行了兩次聯(lián)合驗證試點。雙方共對18家試點企業(yè)進(jìn)行了實地驗證，其中14家企業(yè)通過了驗證。雙方將在總結(jié)兩次試點經(jīng)驗的基礎(chǔ)上，對驗證標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和驗證方式進(jìn)行探討，以便開展正式的合作。
In June 2005, at the 105th / 106th annual meeting of the Council of the world customs organization, the standard framework for Global trade security and facilitation (hereinafter referred to as the standard framework) was adopted. China Customs responded positively to the initiative of the World Customs Organization and signed a letter of intent to implement the standard framework at the meeting. In the following three years, China customs actively studied and practiced the AEO ("certified operator") system, and initially established the AEO system of China Customs.
一、Transform AEO system into domestic legislation and implement it.
1. Translate the AEO system into domestic legislation. The measures of the customs of the people's Republic of China for the classified management of enterprises (hereinafter referred to as the "classification measures") and the relevant supporting announcement (enterprise business status report) implemented on April 1, 2008 incorporate the substantive requirements of the AEO system on law-abiding, security and the partnership between the customs and the business community, as well as trade facilitation measures and certification procedures, Specifically transformed the AEO system into a domestic system《 The classification measures divides import and export consignees and customs declaration enterprises into five categories: AA, a, B, C and D. among them, the standards and conditions of AA enterprises are consistent with the relevant requirements of WCO's AEO and are the AEO enterprises of China Customs《 The implementation of the enterprise classification management measures and supporting laws and regulations indicates that China's customs AEO system has entered the formal implementation stage. As of May 2009, 1150 AA enterprises have been approved nationwide.
2. Organized publicity and training within the customs and for enterprises, widely introduced the AEO system and the classification method, and improved the awareness of the AEO system. Within the customs, the General Administration has successively held AEO special training courses, classification measures training courses and verification inspection training courses, and trained the business backbone of the national customs inspection system within the customs, with obvious results. Outside the customs, various customs offices hold enterprise symposiums to widely publicize and introduce the classification measures and AEO system by using newspapers, television, radio, Internet and other carriers, so as to make the AEO system deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.
3. Carry out verification and inspection practice for AEO enterprises. Since November 2007, China Customs has started the pilot work of verification and inspection. After the implementation of the classification measures, it has carried out verification and inspection of AA enterprises nationwide to verify the trade security of the applicant enterprises in accordance with the relevant AEO system principles of the WCO standard framework. In order to standardize the verification and inspection practices of AA enterprises, the Interim Measures for customs verification and inspection were formulated and issued on April 30, 2008, which defined the principles, procedures, methods and contents of verification and inspection of AA enterprises; In December 2008, the operation standard for customs verification and inspection was formulated and issued to further refine the specific operation contents and standards. At present, the standard is being used for reference in the practice of Customs verification and inspection. The promotion of verification audit in all aspects is the most important manifestation of the specific implementation of AEO system.
4. Actively participate in the study and discussion of international customs on the standard framework, exchange experience and exchange practices. Sent personnel to attend the AEO business seminars and conferences held by APEC in Guangzhou in March 2008 and Thailand in June 2008. At the same time, they carried out bilateral exchange activities with Japan, South Korea, Singapore and other countries to learn from each other's AEO system.
5. Organize the development of a computer system for comprehensive enterprise information management to comprehensively integrate and summarize all aspects of enterprise information, improve the accuracy and consistency of enterprise certification, and convert the classification results into customs clearance parameters for application in the customs clearance system. The system will be put into use in the national customs in the second half of 2009.
二、 Carry out AEO international cooperation projects.
1. Carry out discussion on enterprise selection and China EU AEO mutual recognition cooperation under the China EU safe and intelligent trade route plan.
The China EU safe and intelligent trade route plan (hereinafter referred to as "safe and intelligent trade") is the first international cooperation project in the world to fully implement the World Customs Organization (WCO) standard framework. It aims to realize the whole process monitoring of logistics and trade facilitation on the basis of ensuring the safety of the trade chain by establishing a safe and convenient intelligent international trade transportation chain.
(1) Select pilot participating enterprises. On the premise of voluntary participation of enterprises and referring to WCO's standards on AEO, the two sides jointly selected 10 pairs of enterprises to participate in the pilot, of which 8 pairs of enterprises actually participated in the operation of Anzhi trade.
(2) Carry out a seminar on China EU AEO mutual recognition and cooperation. According to the decision of the Anzhi trade steering group in November 2007, three AEO expert group meetings were held under "Anzhi trade" in 2008.
(3) According to the China EU AEO verification inspection and mutual visit plan, we have completed our investigation in Europe from March 23 to April 7, 2009, and the European investigation in China is currently in progress.
2. The Sino US C-TPAT joint certification pilot project was implemented.
On March 3, 2008, China Customs and the US Customs signed the Sino US joint verification pilot statement (hereinafter referred to as the statement). According to the statement, the customs of China and the United States conducted two pilot joint verification in 2008. The two sides conducted field verification on 18 pilot enterprises, of which 14 passed the verification. On the basis of summarizing the experience of the two pilot projects, the two sides will discuss the verification standards and verification methods in order to carry out formal cooperation.
