中歐安智貿(mào)合作
China-OSCE intellectual trade cooperation時(shí)間(TIME)：2021-08-03 15:43:00
海關(guān)總署 2013年9月12日
一、中歐安智貿(mào)計(jì)劃簡(jiǎn)介及背景
2005年6月，世界海關(guān)組織（WCO）通過(guò)了《全球貿(mào)易便利與安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)框架》（以下簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)框架》）一攬子文件。《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)框架》通過(guò)后，中歐海關(guān)提出了“安全智能貿(mào)易航線(xiàn)試點(diǎn)計(jì)劃”（以下簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)“安智貿(mào)”），旨在建立安全便利的智能化國(guó)際貿(mào)易運(yùn)輸鏈，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)物流的全程監(jiān)控，降低貨物安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，便利國(guó)際貿(mào)易。安智貿(mào)以海關(guān)間數(shù)據(jù)交換、經(jīng)授權(quán)的經(jīng)營(yíng)者、互認(rèn)監(jiān)管結(jié)果、共同風(fēng)險(xiǎn)規(guī)則以及電子封志/智能集裝箱的應(yīng)用為基礎(chǔ)，實(shí)現(xiàn)信息共享，確保貿(mào)易鏈安全。
安智貿(mào)于2007年11月19日在中國(guó)深圳、英國(guó)菲利克斯托和荷蘭鹿特丹之間的海運(yùn)航線(xiàn)正式啟動(dòng)。
安智貿(mào)是全球范圍內(nèi)第一個(gè)全面實(shí)施《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)框架》的國(guó)際合作項(xiàng)目，在國(guó)際海關(guān)界和商界引起廣泛關(guān)注，成為海關(guān)與企業(yè)雙贏的典型項(xiàng)目。2008年，推廣安智貿(mào)試點(diǎn)合作經(jīng)驗(yàn)的“推進(jìn)貿(mào)易安全與便利倡議概念文件”被列為亞歐首腦會(huì)議提出的四大倡議之一。
二、主要進(jìn)展情況
在中歐雙方的共同努力下，安智貿(mào)項(xiàng)目取得了以下成果：
（一）海關(guān)間數(shù)據(jù)交換運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)順暢
截至2009年3月，我方接受安智貿(mào)項(xiàng)下申報(bào)出口貨物1333票，出口集裝箱3162標(biāo)準(zhǔn)箱；進(jìn)口貨物376標(biāo)準(zhǔn)箱。
中國(guó)海關(guān)與英國(guó)、荷蘭海關(guān)間的數(shù)據(jù)交換渠道暢通。
（二）中歐雙方共同選定了試點(diǎn)企業(yè)，并就“經(jīng)海關(guān)認(rèn)證的經(jīng)營(yíng)者”（AEO）互認(rèn)開(kāi)始實(shí)質(zhì)性探討和觀摩驗(yàn)證
在企業(yè)自愿參與的前提下，雙方共同選定了10對(duì)參與試點(diǎn)企業(yè)。
為加強(qiáng)安智貿(mào)項(xiàng)下的AEO合作，中歐將雙方的AEO制度進(jìn)行了比較研究，并互派關(guān)員到對(duì)方進(jìn)行AEO觀摩驗(yàn)證。
（三）雙方共同研究確定了10大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)規(guī)則，并就最低監(jiān)管標(biāo)準(zhǔn)達(dá)成一致
（四）雙方互認(rèn)監(jiān)管結(jié)果，并就具體實(shí)現(xiàn)方式達(dá)成一致，開(kāi)發(fā)了相應(yīng)計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)功能
雙方商定，進(jìn)口國(guó)海關(guān)對(duì)提前獲得的電子數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析，必要時(shí)可向出口國(guó)海關(guān)提出查驗(yàn)請(qǐng)求。出口國(guó)海關(guān)應(yīng)進(jìn)口國(guó)請(qǐng)求進(jìn)行貨物查驗(yàn)并將查驗(yàn)結(jié)果發(fā)送給進(jìn)口國(guó)海關(guān)。在沒(méi)有收到進(jìn)一步情報(bào)的情況下，進(jìn)口國(guó)海關(guān)認(rèn)可出口國(guó)海關(guān)的查驗(yàn)結(jié)果，給予企業(yè)通關(guān)便利。
（五）部分安智貿(mào)項(xiàng)下出口集裝箱使用了電子封志
截至2009年3月，我方出口安智貿(mào)項(xiàng)下貨物正常使用電子封志598個(gè)。
三、現(xiàn)階段工作重點(diǎn)
（一）加快中歐AEO互認(rèn)進(jìn)程。
開(kāi)展AEO互認(rèn)是安智貿(mào)項(xiàng)目中極其重要的組成部分。在完成中歐AEO立法比較和互派官員開(kāi)展觀摩驗(yàn)證后，雙方將正式啟動(dòng)中歐海關(guān)AEO互認(rèn)磋商。中國(guó)AEO企業(yè)進(jìn)入歐盟市場(chǎng)將享受更加寬松的通關(guān)環(huán)境。
（二）擴(kuò)大參與港口和試點(diǎn)企業(yè)。
實(shí)踐證明，參與企業(yè)在試點(diǎn)過(guò)程中充分享受到了雙方海關(guān)提供的通關(guān)便利。目前，雙方正考慮下一步將中歐雙方更多港口納入安智貿(mào)試點(diǎn)，使得更多的企業(yè)能享受通關(guān)便利，最大程度地體現(xiàn)和維護(hù)企業(yè)的利益。
（三）支持電子封志/智能集裝箱供應(yīng)商參與試點(diǎn)
中歐雙方鼓勵(lì)集裝箱安全設(shè)備（CSD）供應(yīng)商在免費(fèi)提供產(chǎn)品的前提下自愿參加安智貿(mào)。目前已有4家中國(guó)CSD供應(yīng)商表示愿意在試點(diǎn)期間免費(fèi)提供產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)。
1、 Introduction and background of China OSCE intellectual trade plan
In June 2005, the World Customs Organization (WCO) adopted the standard framework for Global trade facilitation and security (hereinafter referred to as the standard framework)《 After the adoption of the standard framework, China EU customs put forward the "pilot plan for safe and intelligent trade routes" (hereinafter referred to as "safe and intelligent trade"), which aims to establish a safe and convenient intelligent international trade transportation chain, so as to realize the whole process monitoring of logistics, reduce cargo security risks and facilitate international trade. On the basis of data exchange between customs, authorized operators, mutual recognition of supervision results, common risk rules and the application of electronic seals / smart containers, Anzhi trade realizes information sharing and ensures the security of the trade chain.
On November 19, 2007, an Zhimao officially launched the sea route between Shenzhen, China, felixtor, UK and Rotterdam, Netherlands.
An Zhimao is the first international cooperation project in the world to fully implement the standard framework. It has attracted extensive attention in the international customs community and business circles and has become a typical win-win project between customs and enterprises. In 2008, the concept paper of the initiative to promote trade security and facilitation, which promoted the experience of pilot cooperation in security, intelligence and trade, was listed as one of the four major initiatives put forward by the Asia Europe summit.
2、 Main progress
With the joint efforts of China and the EU, the Anzhi trade project has achieved the following results:
（1） The data exchange between customs is running smoothly
As of March 2009, we have accepted 1333 tickets of export goods and 3162 TEUs of export containers declared under Anzhi trade; 376 TEUs of imported goods.
The data exchange channels between Chinese customs and British and Dutch Customs are smooth.
（2） China and the EU have jointly selected pilot enterprises and started substantive discussion, observation and verification on the mutual recognition of "operators certified by customs" (AEO)
On the premise of voluntary participation, the two sides jointly selected 10 pairs of pilot enterprises.
In order to strengthen AEO cooperation under Anzhi trade, China and the EU have conducted a comparative study on the AEO systems of both sides, and sent customs officers to each other for AEO observation and verification.
（3） The two sides jointly studied and determined 10 risk rules and reached an agreement on the minimum regulatory standards
（4） The two sides recognized the supervision results, reached an agreement on the specific implementation method, and developed the corresponding computer system functions
Both parties agree that the customs of the importing country shall conduct risk analysis on the electronic data obtained in advance, and may submit an inspection request to the customs of the exporting country if necessary. The customs of the exporting country shall inspect the goods at the request of the importing country and send the inspection results to the customs of the importing country. In the absence of further information, the customs of the importing country shall recognize the inspection results of the customs of the exporting country and facilitate the customs clearance of the enterprise.
（5） Some export containers under Anzhi trade use electronic seals
As of March 2009, we have exported 598 electronic seals normally used for goods under Anzhi trade.
3、 Focus of work at this stage
（1） Accelerate the process of China EU AEO mutual recognition.
AEO mutual recognition is an extremely important part of an Zhi Mao project. After the comparison of China EU AEO legislation and the exchange of officials for observation and verification, the two sides will officially launch the China EU customs AEO mutual recognition consultation. Chinese AEO enterprises entering the EU market will enjoy a more relaxed customs clearance environment.
（2） Expand participation in ports and pilot enterprises.
Practice has proved that participating enterprises have fully enjoyed the customs clearance facilities provided by the customs of both sides in the pilot process. At present, the two sides are considering the next step to include more ports of China and the EU in the pilot of Anzhi trade, so that more enterprises can enjoy the convenience of customs clearance and reflect and safeguard the interests of enterprises to the greatest extent.
（3） Support electronic seal / smart container suppliers to participate in the pilot
China and the EU encourage container safety equipment (CSD) suppliers to voluntarily participate in Anzhi trade on the premise of providing products free of charge. At present, four Chinese CSD suppliers have expressed their willingness to provide products and services free of charge during the pilot period.
